![]() ( 106)īeginning, uncertainty surrounded the issue of possible roles for theīuran orbiter. NPO Molniya would be responsible for the development ![]() The new organization also absorbed the KBīurevestnik and KB Molniya design bureaus, as well as the Myasishev Experimental Of the Spiral project from the Mikoyan design bureau and OKB Raduga into The Ministry of Aviation Industry, MAP, transferred a group of veterans Valentin Glushko, the head of NPO Energia, proposed a configuration whereĪ heavy-lift launcher could be used with or without a winged orbiter. ![]() Machine Building, MOM, took overall responsibility for the development In Kaliningrad, Moscow Region, subordinated to the Ministry of General The document required the space plane to be able to deliver up 30 tons and return up to 20 tons while reaching high-inclination orbits with an altitude of 200 kilometers. ( 108) The February 17 decree mandated the development of the reusable space system, MKS, which was to include a booster, a space plane, an orbital space tug, ground control and maintenance infrastructure. However, in the USSR, the Space Shuttle was viewed first ofĭespite apparent skepticism in the space industry, the Soviet governmentĭecided to respond to the "Shuttle threat" with a similar spacecraft. Replace the entire fleet of existing rockets and lower the cost of launching According to NASA predictions, the Space Shuttle would Of the 1970s, the US made the Space Shuttle a primary project of its manned Spiral would be powered by an attached rocket stage. After separation from the carrier aircraft, the Of a hypersonic aircraft, itself capable of reaching Mach 6 (or six times This mini-shuttle would be launched on the back The mid-1960s, the Mikoyan design bureau was developing a small reusable He was one of the first in the country to push the idea Vladimir Chelomei, the head of the OKB-52 design bureau of the MinistryĪviation Industry, MAP, specialized in the development of the winged cruise Launched into orbit on top of the Titan-3 rocket and landing on a runway The Air Force launched the Dyna Soar project. In the field on both sides of the Atlantic. On the "antipode bomber," which became the basis for research The United States and the USSR obtained copies of the Sanger-Bredt report Into the atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean. Of attacking New York after a rocket-powered launch and a gliding reentry Proposed a so-called "antipode bomber," which would be capable In Germany, rocket pioneer Eugene Sanger and mathematician Irene Bredt, Sergei Korolev and his colleaguesĪt the Reactive Research Institute, RNII, worked on the RP-318 rocket glider Practical attempts to install rocket engine on winged vehicles were made ![]() Tsander considered airplanes among other means of reaching outer space. Of using winged vehicles for space flight has been in the minds of spaceĮnthusiasts since the dawn of the space era. Included the winged orbiter itself and the Energia heavy-lift vehicle. Was conducted within the Reusable Space System program, or MKS, which Perceived military threat from the US Space Shuttle. (Snowstorm) designed to serve as a "parallel" response to the Please contact Anatoly Zak.ġ970s and 1980s, the USSR developed a winged spacecraft known as Buran The author of this page will appreciate comments, corrections and imagery related to the subject.
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